Deprecated: Joomla\Input\Input implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/vendor/joomla/input/src/Input.php on line 41

Deprecated: Return type of Joomla\Input\Input::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/vendor/joomla/input/src/Input.php on line 170

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Input\Input implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Input/Input.php on line 31

Deprecated: session_set_save_handler(): Providing individual callbacks instead of an object implementing SessionHandlerInterface is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/joomla/session/storage.php on line 100

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Input\Cookie implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Input/Cookie.php on line 21

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\User\User::$aid is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/User/User.php on line 255

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\User\User::$aid is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/User/User.php on line 255

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property PlgSystemTooltips::$_id is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/regularlabs/src/SystemPlugin.php on line 65

Deprecated: _JchOptimizeVendor\optional(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/administrator/components/com_jchoptimize/lib/vendor/illuminate/support/helpers.php on line 310

Deprecated: _JchOptimizeVendor\with(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/administrator/components/com_jchoptimize/lib/vendor/illuminate/support/helpers.php on line 490

Deprecated: _JchOptimizeVendor\Laminas\Diactoros\normalizeServer(): Implicitly marking parameter $apacheRequestHeaderCallback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/administrator/components/com_jchoptimize/lib/vendor/laminas/laminas-diactoros/src/functions/normalize_server.php on line 19

Deprecated: {closure:_JchOptimizeVendor\Laminas\Diactoros\normalizeUploadedFiles():29}(): Implicitly marking parameter $nameTree as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/administrator/components/com_jchoptimize/lib/vendor/laminas/laminas-diactoros/src/functions/normalize_uploaded_files.php on line 29

Deprecated: {closure:_JchOptimizeVendor\Laminas\Diactoros\normalizeUploadedFiles():29}(): Implicitly marking parameter $typeTree as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/administrator/components/com_jchoptimize/lib/vendor/laminas/laminas-diactoros/src/functions/normalize_uploaded_files.php on line 29

Deprecated: _JchOptimizeVendor\Zend\Diactoros\normalizeServer(): Implicitly marking parameter $apacheRequestHeaderCallback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/administrator/components/com_jchoptimize/lib/vendor/laminas/laminas-diactoros/src/functions/normalize_server.legacy.php on line 10

Deprecated: Joomla\DI\Container::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $parent as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/vendor/joomla/di/src/Container.php on line 71

Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Uri/Uri.php on line 141

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Router\SiteRouter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $app as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Router/SiteRouter.php on line 60

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Router\SiteRouter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $menu as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Router/SiteRouter.php on line 60

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ContactRouterRulesLegacy::$router is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/components/com_contact/helpers/legacyrouter.php on line 30

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ContentRouterRulesLegacy::$router is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/components/com_content/helpers/legacyrouter.php on line 30

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property NewsfeedsRouterRulesLegacy::$router is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/components/com_newsfeeds/helpers/legacyrouter.php on line 30

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property UsersRouterRulesLegacy::$router is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/components/com_users/helpers/legacyrouter.php on line 30

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Crypt\Crypt::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cipher as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Crypt/Crypt.php on line 44

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Crypt\Crypt::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $key as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Crypt/Crypt.php on line 44

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property T3MenuMegamenu::$editmode is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/plugins/system/t3/includes/menu/megamenu.php on line 68

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$note is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$path is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$version is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$_rightsibling is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Categories/CategoryNode.php on line 369

Deprecated: _JchOptimizeVendor\Joomla\Http\Http::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $transport as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/administrator/components/com_jchoptimize/lib/vendor/joomla/http/src/Http.php on line 47
Dossier : Les Témoins de Jéhovah et la Croix - JW-verite.org
Deprecated: Automatic conversion of false to array is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Document/Document.php on line 691

Deprecated: Automatic conversion of false to array is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Document/Document.php on line 508

Deprecated: Automatic conversion of false to array is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Document/Document.php on line 691

Deprecated: preg_match(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/templates/purity_iii/html/modules.php on line 62

Deprecated: htmlspecialchars(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/templates/purity_iii/html/modules.php on line 68

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php on line 326

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\MVC\Model\BaseDatabaseModel::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php on line 225

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Table\Table::_getAssetParentId(): Implicitly marking parameter $table as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 421

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$task is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$parameters.menu is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$article.id is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.offset is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$params is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.published is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.archived is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.language is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::_getAssetParentId(): Implicitly marking parameter $table as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Content.php on line 89

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$id is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$asset_id is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$title is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$alias is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$introtext is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$fulltext is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$state is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$catid is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$created is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$created_by is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$created_by_alias is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$modified is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$modified_by is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$checked_out is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$checked_out_time is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$publish_up is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$publish_down is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$images is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$urls is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$attribs is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$version is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$ordering is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$metakey is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$metadesc is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$access is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$hits is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$metadata is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$featured is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$language is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$xreference is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Table\Content::$note is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Table/Table.php on line 189

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ContentViewArticle::$baseurl is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/plugins/system/t3/includes/core/t3.php(528) : eval()'d code on line 215

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$task is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$parameters.menu is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication::$registeredurlparams is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php on line 648

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Cache\Storage\FileStorage::$_threshold is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Cache/CacheStorage.php on line 107

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$article.id is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.offset is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$params is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.published is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.archived is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.language is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$note is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$path is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$version is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$note is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$path is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$version is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$note is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$path is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$version is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$note is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$path is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Categories\CategoryNode::$version is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: FieldsHelper::getFields(): Implicitly marking parameter $valuesToOverride as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/administrator/components/com_fields/helpers/fields.php on line 89

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\MVC\Model\ListModel::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/MVC/Model/ListModel.php on line 105

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.state is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.limit is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.context is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.assigned_cat_ids is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\MVC\Model\AdminModel::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/MVC/Model/AdminModel.php on line 178

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\MVC\Model\FormModel::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/MVC/Model/FormModel.php on line 51

Deprecated: Joomla\CMS\Pagination\_Pagination::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $app as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/jwveriterl/www/plugins/system/t3/includes/core/t3.php(528) : eval()'d code on line 116

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

Deprecated: Function utf8_encode() is deprecated since 8.2, visit the php.net documentation for various alternatives in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Filter/InputFilter.php on line 1181

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Jésus Christ
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Croix ou poteau ?

Dès le milieu des années 1930, la Société Watchtower enseigna dans ses publications que Jésus-Christ avait été cloué sur un poteau de supplice constitué d’une simple poutre de bois. Aujourd’hui, les Témoins de Jéhovah du monde entier sont convaincus que la croix est étrangère au Christianisme authentique et qu’elle n’a aucunement sa place dans le culte chrétien. Ils affirment qu'en rendant le mot grec σταυρος (stauros) par « croix » dans leurs traductions de la Bible, c’est en réalité le paganisme que les églises de la Chrétienté ont introduit dans les Saintes Ecritures. Qu'en est-il dans les faits ?

NB : les numéros en gras en entre parenthèse renvoient aux notes (dernière page de l'article, que je vous invite à ouvrir dans un nouvel onglet pour plus de facilité).

Il serait utile, pour commencer, de résumer les arguments avancés par la Société pour conforter ses affirmations, à savoir que Jésus mourut sur un simple poteau (doctrine du « poteau de supplice »). Selon elle, les écrivains bibliques de servirent de deux mots grecs pour désigner l’instrument sur lequel Jésus fut exécuté : σταυρος (stauros) et ξυλον (xulon). Le premier terme correspond littéralement à un « poteau » et non à une « croix » et le deuxième à un « arbre ». Ainsi, tous les deux ne sont qu’une simple poutre de bois. Enfin, les traducteurs latins du Nouveau Testament employèrent le mot latin crux, qui lui aussi ne veut rien dire d’autre que « poteau ». D’où la conclusion formelle de la Watchtower : C’est sur un poteau de supplice que Jésus a dû être exécuté (Cliquez ici pour voir l'illustration tirée de JW.ORG). 

A première vue, les arguments en faveur d’une traduction de σταυρος par « poteau » peuvent sembler raisonnables et corrects. Les nombreux articles qui examinent ce sujet et qui ont été publiés dans la littérature de la Société citent un nombre assez impressionnant de sources profanes, de lexiques et de commentaires bibliques. Tout semble donc évident. Cependant, si on prend la peine de consulter ces ouvrages, les déclarations de la Société s’écroulent tel un château de cartes. Et après un examen de l’ensemble des preuves, il saute clairement aux yeux qu’il ne s’agit ni plus ni moins que d’une manoeuvre partiale visant à expurger le Christianisme du « paganisme », même lorsque les faits indiquent le contraire.

Examinons, par exemple, l’histoire de la doctrine du « poteau de supplice », telle qu’elle est proposée par la Société. D’après l’Annuaire de 1975, cette doctrine ne fut pas le résultat d’une analyse biblique attentive, mais elle fut instaurée par décision du Juge Rutherford qui abhorrait le symbole de la croix. Au début, les Etudiants de la Bible dirigés par Charles Taze Russell acceptaient la croix comme emblème chrétien. Russell l’incorpora dans son symbole du Royaume Millénaire – une croix insérée dans une couronne. Dès 1891, on trouva ce symbole « croix et couronne » sur les couvertures de la Tour de Garde. On pouvait également le voir sur une plaque qui ornait un des murs du cabinet de travail de Russell (1).

La croix apparaissait sur les premières Tour de Garde
La croix apparaissait sur les premières Tour de Garde

 

Les Etudiants de la Bible portèrent même un insigne en forme de croix et couronne. Carey W. Barber, membre du Collège Central des Témoins de Jéhovah, la décrivit ainsi : « C’était un véritable insigne. Que représentait-il ? Deux branches de laurier qui encadraient une couronne traversée d’une croix inclinée. Cela faisait assez bel effet ; en tout cas cela représentait l’idée que nous nous faisions à l’époque sur tout ce qui comportait le fait de prendre notre « croix » et de suivre Jésus-Christ, afin de nous rendre dignes de porter en temps voulu la couronne de la victoire. » (2) Toutefois, Rutherford ne trouvait pas du tout que « cela faisait assez bel effet ». Pour lui, la croix n’était rien d’autre qu’un symbole païen, et comme le rappelle quelqu’un qui fut longtemps Témoin de Jéhovah : « Dans l’esprit de Rutherford, tout cela était babylonien et il fallait s’en défaire. Ainsi qu’il nous le déclara, quand on allait chez les gens et qu’on commençait à leur parler, c’est cela qui était le témoignage. » (3)

Il fallut huit ans à Rutherford pour extirper la croix du milieu des Etudiants de la Bible. Sa première tentative eut lieu en 1928, lorsqu’il demanda à ses adeptes, réunis en assemblée à Detroit, de se débarrasser de ce bijou, qui n’était « pas nécessaire » et qu’il était même « mal de porter » (4) En 1931, l’emblème fut retiré des couvertures de la Tour de Garde. Dès ce moment, le symbole de la croix devint non biblique, non chrétien et impie. Il fut relégué au rang des pièges interdits de l’organisation de Satan. Paradoxalement, les Témoins continuèrent de professer que Jésus avait été exécuté sur une croix traditionnelle. Une telle contradiction dans le système doctrinal ne put que perturber Rutherford. Il sentit donc le besoin de réviser ses hypothèses quant à la Passion. C’est ainsi que, sans faire trop de publicité, il exposa sa nouvelle vision des choses dans le livre Richesses. Voici ce qu’il écrivit à la page 25 : « Ce n’est pas sur une croix de bois telle qu’on la représente sur tant d’images et de tableaux que Jésus fut crucifié ; mais simplement sur le bois. » (5) A noter que Rutherford ne vit apparemment rien d’anormal (comme le fait encore fréquemment la Société de nos jours) d’employer le mot « crucifier » lorsqu’il parlait de la mise au poteau.

Ainsi, selon l’aveu même de la Société, l’érudition biblique n’eut vraiment rien à voir avec l’adoption de la doctrine du « poteau de supplice ». Depuis l’époque où Nathan H. Knorr remplaça Rutherford à la présidence, la Société a tenté d’étayer ses dires en citant des sources réputées, extérieures à la Watchtower. Cet article examinera la validité de la position officielle de la Société en cette matière et démontrera que les Témoins ont été trompés par une fausse argumentation qui leur a fait croire que la doctrine du « poteau de supplice » est une vérité biblique et qu’il n’existe aucune preuve de la mort de Jésus sur une croix traditionnelle.


Commentaires  

#1 Gilgamesh 19-02-2020 16:55
Je n'ai pas encore lu les 10 parties de cet article "mais ça viendra"... mais je souhaitai faire une remarque qui m'a longtemps interpellé: La société a en effet toujours insisté en disant que stauros ça veux dire poteau, pour autant, dans aucun des articles traitant de cette thématique "de ce que je m'en souviens" elle ne proposait un mot grec qui aurait signifié exclusivement "croix"...

Lorsqu'en 1991 je suis allé en vacances en Grèce, ma curiosité pour la langue a été piquée. A la rentrée 91, au lycée, je me suis mis à apprendre l'alphabet grec par pur plaisir. Peu de temps après, je suis allé feuilleter un dico grec-français en librairie, je suis allé directement au mot croix et... miracle! encore aujourd'hui quand un grec parle de la croix, il utilise le mot stauros. D'ailleurs, en Grèce il existe de nombreux lieux qui font référence à la croix du christ, comme Stauros Accrotiry "ou Stavros Accrotiry".

Pour conclure, la WTS est bien plus forte en communication qu'en exposé scientifique sérieux... La croix n'est qu'un exemple de la légèreté de ses analyses et l'illustration parfaite de sa partialité et de sa falsification des faits... Si la WTS écrivait une thèse comme elle mène ses"études" de sujet sensible, elle serait tout bonnement recalé avec les hués du jury et renvoyée sur les bancs de l'école "qu'elle n'aime pas trop d'ailleurs"

C'était mon petit billet de méchanceté... Mais elle le vaut bien!

Suite à une recrudescence de spams, les commentaires du site sont maintenant fermés. Merci !


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Ce qu'il faut savoir sur les Témoins de Jéhovah - jw.org

logo JW.org

Les Témoins de Jéhovah (jw.org) forment un mouvement pré-millénariste se réclamant du christianisme des origines. Ils sont issus d'un groupe né aux États-Unis dans les années 1870, connu sous le nom d'Étudiants de la Bible. Cette religion est dérivée de l'Adventisme, lui-même issu du protestantisme

Voici quelques unes de leurs doctrines spécifiques...

Lire la suite ici :

Ce qu'il faut savoir sur les Témoins de Jéhovah - jw.org


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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.select is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.c.published is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.language is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: htmlspecialchars(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/modules/mod_weblinks/mod_weblinks.php on line 22

Deprecated: preg_match(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/templates/purity_iii/html/modules.php on line 37

Deprecated: htmlspecialchars(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/templates/purity_iii/html/modules.php on line 43

Outils d'étude


Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$params is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.start is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.limit is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.state is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.publish_date is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.access is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.ordering is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.direction is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$category.id is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$category.group is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$category.ordering is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$category.direction is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$list.select is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.c.published is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Object\CMSObject::$filter.language is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Object/CMSObject.php on line 197

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\Helper\TagsHelper::$itemTags is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php on line 454

Deprecated: htmlspecialchars(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/modules/mod_weblinks/mod_weblinks.php on line 22

Deprecated: preg_match(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/templates/purity_iii/html/modules.php on line 37

Deprecated: htmlspecialchars(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/templates/purity_iii/html/modules.php on line 43

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\User\User::$aid is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/User/User.php on line 255
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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Joomla\CMS\User\User::$aid is deprecated in /home/jwveriterl/www/libraries/src/User/User.php on line 953